Gummosis is a common plant disorder that is characterized by the exudation of sap from wounds or cracks in the bark of a tree or shrub.
Claudia Ringler
Claudia Ringler
Claudia Ringler is Deputy Division Director of the Environment and Production Technology Division. From 1996 until now, she served in various other research positions in that division. She currently co-leads the Institute’s water research program and is also a basin theme leader. Her research interests are water management, global food and water security, natural resource constraints to global food production, and the synergies of climate change adaptation and mitigation. Dr. Ringler has field experience across Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Claudia have published many journal articles in the areas of global water and food security, with a more recent focus on gender, nutrition, climate change and energy.
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Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are a class of chemical compounds that are used to control the growth and development of plants.
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Fruitfulness is a critical aspect of plant biology that involves the ability of the plant to produce both flowers and fruits.
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Emasculation is a process in which the male reproductive organs of a plant are removed or made ineffective.
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Dioecious plants are those that have separate male and female individuals, as opposed to monoecious plants which have both sexes on one plant
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Monoecious plants are those that have both male and female reproductive organs on the same individual plant.
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