The article presents the results of experiments on the use of the aquaponics method. Aquatic animals release products toxic to them themselves: nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium compounds, carbon dioxide. The accumulation of these substances in water is the main problem as in closed industrial aquaculture.
The same substances are absolutely necessary for hydroponics and they are added to water to obtain nutrient solutions for plants. Given that environmentally friendly products are increasingly popular and demand for them is constantly growing, there are prospects for introducing this innovation in the southern regions of Russia.
Due to an increase in parsley yields in the aquaponic plant by 7.3%, an additional profit was received 4.8 rubles from 1 square meter.
Introduction
In the conditions of intensification of sturgeon growing and growing fish in pools, the synergy of industries in the form of fish farming and aquaponics is appropriate.
Joint cultivation of fish and plants is a modern direction, in the conduct of which it is possible to obtain high-quality food products while conducting profitable business for small enterprises. The increase in the profitability of the enterprise is due to the fact that fish and grown plants have similar needs for energy and heat costs.
In industrial conditions, using intensive technologies and maintaining fish in pools with closed water supply, biogens accumulate in the process of fish life. Their oxidation, as well as the remaining feed, leads to an increase in the number of nitrogen exchange products.
Ammonium, nitrites, nitrates can be used as nutrients in growing various plants: tomatoes, cucumbers, basil, lettuce, and other crops, as well as greens.
Conclusions
Today, aquaponics is a promising method of growing plants without soil from the point of view of combining the technology of intensive sturgeon breeding and crop production, since at the exit a complex of environmentally safe fish production and crop production is obtained.
The quality of products obtained using aquaponics technology is evaluated by the chemical composition of aquaponic plants, the absence of toxic substances in them, the amount of oxygen released to wastewater, and the number of biogens consumed.
However, sturgeon breeding is not limited to basin content and is often combined with pond fish farming. Therefore, we have made attempts to combine pond fish farming (aquaculture) with the cultivation of plants without soil (hydroponics) on the surface of the reservoir.
The main advantage of the aquaponics method, based on the combination of two technologies, is that fisheries and aquaponics can almost completely get rid of the waste of both systems, forming a closed ecosystem in which fish emissions are absorbed by plants, feeding them, and the water where fish live is cleaned by plants.
Due to an increase in parsley yields in the aquaponic plant by 7.3%, an additional profit was received 4.8 rubles from 1 square meter.
Thus, the joint cultivation of plants and fish has future development prospects as agricultural innovation and will be able to provide the food market with environmentally safe crop production and fish, both in Russia and anywhere in the world.
Summing up, it should be noted that hydroponics, aquaponics deserve the closest attention. These methods save land and water resources, control each stage of biotechnology cultivation and produce a large mass of plant and fish products.
Source: Yurin, D., Yurina, N., Arutyunova, G., Maxim, E., & Khorin, B. (2021). Results of growing parsley using aquaponics method. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 285, p. 02017). EDP Sciences.
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